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Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; 2006-.
CASRN: 143090-92-0
Drug Levels and Effects
Summary of Use during Lactation
Anakinra is the pharmaceutical name for recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). IL-1Ra is a normal component of human milk where it may play a role as an anti-inflammatory agent. Several infants have been breastfed during maternal anakinra therapy, occasionally in conjunction with colchicine, with no obvious adverse effects. If anakinra is required by the mother, it is not a reason to discontinue breastfeeding.[1-3]
Drug Levels
Maternal Levels. The concentration of IL-1Ra in colostrum in 88 normal mothers was 672 ng/L, which was higher than the plasma concentration. Mature milk levels were lower than those in colostrum. Samples collected over a period of 2 to 6 months postpartum indicated that mothers continued to excrete IL-1Ra during this time.[4] Mothers with acute mastitis had slightly higher average levels of IL-1Ra than levels after recovery, but the median values were the same. The levels found in these mothers were the same as those of control mothers.[5]
Infant Levels. Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
Effects in Breastfed Infants
A woman was receiving anakinra 100 mg daily for adult-onset Still's disease during pregnancy and lactation. Her breastfed (extent not stated) infant gained wight and appeared to have normal psychomotor development during an unspecified follow-up period.[6]
Among a cohort of 18 women with term pregnancies treated with anakinra for cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes during pregnancy, 3 of the women breastfed their infants (extent not stated) for periods of <1 month, 3 months and 1 year. No adverse neonatal outcomes were reported.[7]
In an international multicenter study of mothers exposed to interleukin-1 receptor antagonists, 10 babies were breastfed (extent not stated) by mothers receiving anakinra for up to 10 months. No infections or developmental abnormalities were reported.[8] Three of the cases had been reported previously in reference[7].
Of 5 women who took anakinra during pregnancy, two breastfed their infants while continuing to receive anakinra 100 mg daily. No serious infections were reported and development was normal.[9]
A woman was treated with anakinra 100 mg subcutaneously once daily and oral colchicine 1 mg twice daily during pregnancy and postpartum for familial Mediterranean fever while she breastfed her infant (extent not stated). At 9 months of age, the infant’s development was within normal range. The routine vaccination schedule for the baby was being performed on time and there was no history of infection in the infant.[10]
A woman with recurrent pericarditis was treated with subcutaneous anakinra 100 mg once weekly beginning in the fifth month of pregnancy and continuing postpartum. She also took colchicine 0.5 mg daily. She delivered twins by cesarean section at 36 weeks of gestation and breastfed (extent not stated) her infants up to 18 months of age. No health problems were noted in the infants up to 18 months of age.[11]
Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
Alternate Drugs to Consider
(Rheumatoid Arthritis) Adalimumab, Certolizumab Pegol, Etanercept, Infliximab, Tocilizumab
References
- 1.
- Götestam Skorpen C, Hoeltzenbein M, Tincani A, et al. The EULAR points to consider for use of antirheumatic drugs before pregnancy, and during pregnancy and lactation. Ann Rheum Dis 2016;75:795-810. [PubMed: 26888948]
- 2.
- Sammaritano LR, Bermas BL, Chakravarty EE, et al. 2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Reproductive Health in Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020;72:529-56. [PubMed: 32090480]
- 3.
- Russell MD, Dey M, Flint J, et al. British Society for Rheumatology guideline on prescribing drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding: Immunomodulatory anti-rheumatic drugs and corticosteroids. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023;62:e48-e88. [PMC free article: PMC10070073] [PubMed: 36318966]
- 4.
- Buescher ES, Malinowska I. Soluble receptors and cytokine antagonists in human milk. Pediatr Res 1996;40:839-44. [PubMed: 8947960]
- 5.
- Buescher ES, Hair PS. Human milk anti-inflammatory component contents during acute mastitis. Cell Immunol 2001;210:87-95. [PubMed: 11520075]
- 6.
- Berger CT, Recher M, Steiner U, Hauser TM. A patient's wish: Anakinra in pregnancy. Ann Rheum Dis 2009;68:1794-5. [PubMed: 19822718]
- 7.
- Chang Z, Spong CY, Jesus AA, et al. Anakinra use during pregnancy in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS). Arthritis Rheumatol 2014;66:3227-32. [PMC free article: PMC4323990] [PubMed: 25223501]
- 8.
- Youngstein T, Hoffmann P, Gul A, et al. International multi-centre study of pregnancy outcomes with interleukin-1 inhibitors. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017;56:2102-8. [PMC free article: PMC6251516] [PubMed: 28968868]
- 9.
- Smith CJF, Chambers CD. Five successful pregnancies with antenatal anakinra exposure. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018;57:1271-5. [PMC free article: PMC7191889] [PubMed: 29660063]
- 10.
- Duman NC, Goren MZ, Karaalp A. Anakinra use during pregnancy and lactation: A case report. Reprod Toxicol 2019;88:139-40. Abstract.
- 11.
- Negro E, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Nivuori M, et al. Anakinra during pregnancy in a difficult to treat case of recurrent pericarditis. Can J Cardiol 2023;39:1152-3. [PubMed: 36306922]
Substance Identification
Substance Name
Anakinra
CAS Registry Number
143090-92-0
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- PASylation of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) retains IL-1 blockade and extends its duration in mouse urate crystal-induced peritonitis.[J Biol Chem. 2020]PASylation of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) retains IL-1 blockade and extends its duration in mouse urate crystal-induced peritonitis.Powers NE, Swartzwelter B, Marchetti C, de Graaf DM, Lerchner A, Schlapschy M, Datar R, Binder U, Edwards CK 3rd, Skerra A, et al. J Biol Chem. 2020 Jan 17; 295(3):868-882. Epub 2019 Dec 9.
- Anakinra Pilot - a clinical trial to demonstrate safety, feasibility and pharmacokinetics of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in preterm infants.[Front Immunol. 2022]Anakinra Pilot - a clinical trial to demonstrate safety, feasibility and pharmacokinetics of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in preterm infants.Green EA, Metz D, Galinsky R, Atkinson R, Skuza EM, Clark M, Gunn AJ, Kirkpatrick CM, Hunt RW, Berger PJ, et al. Front Immunol. 2022; 13:1022104. Epub 2022 Oct 27.
- Review [Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra (Kineret) for treatment of rheumatic arthritis].[Z Rheumatol. 2003]Review [Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra (Kineret) for treatment of rheumatic arthritis].Rubbert-Roth A, Perniok A. Z Rheumatol. 2003 Aug; 62(4):367-77.
- Expedited Desensitization to Canakinumab.[Allergy Rhinol (Providence). 2...]Expedited Desensitization to Canakinumab.Sanan N, Schend J, Rowane M, Hostoffer R. Allergy Rhinol (Providence). 2020 Jan-Dec; 11:2152656720937694. Epub 2020 Jun 22.
- Review Analysis of Anakinra Therapy for the Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist through Clinical Evidence.[J Clin Med. 2024]Review Analysis of Anakinra Therapy for the Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist through Clinical Evidence.Pillai K, Pillai J, Ling J. J Clin Med. 2024 Feb 10; 13(4). Epub 2024 Feb 10.
- Anakinra - Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®)Anakinra - Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®)
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